. . Subject: origin of anti-trade Communist position . . . . . There was a potentate, some aristocratic person sucking up all the production of the area that he could. The ruling classes would rule by all methods available, ideological, mental, trade, direct force, war. The people had little voice to resist except by armed revolution, or to favor a less oppressive master if a choice presented itself. Parts of economic existence consisted of organized state looting of the peasantry (taxes, soil rent), ideological (religious) brainwashing to get people to support a priesthood from gifts, war loot from armies, distribution within families of crop and other proceeds, trade by craftsmen. Under these conditions the early industrial revolution occurs. The masters of that change make their money from trade. These masters behave themselves extremely badly, unfortunately their mutual competition and the hunger for cheap prices by all classes of costumers favors those producers who pay the people working there next to nothing. The rest simply can't compete. People don't willingly work themselves to death, but through scheming, playing the population off against a pool of destitute and even more suffering unemployed, the people see two choices: slavery or death, including death of the children. All the while, the super wealthy industry barons and bankers parade around how trade is a wonderful mechanism that makes everyone happy. * Against that backdrop, the people have no reason to believe in trade. Therefore it seems natural that the opressed classes wanted to do away both with power abuses (absolute democracy), and with trade (which was a mechanism discredited by the industrial kapitalist classes.) Hence the emerging of anti-trade pro-true-democracy using a plan-economic belief, which wasn't an unusual accurence and isn't something that can't somewhat function on small sovereign estates doing only med-eaval type needs production which is obvious and simple. Today this story is still ongoing: people are still being opressed in corporations, the kapitalist abusive classes still sing the praises of free trade, and the people are still motivated to hate it because of its results. Some things did change though: the absolute plan-economy is itself also discredited through the marxist historical failures, where exploitation of people was merely the same, merely another form of Tsarist direct class rule, possibly even more total because no trade by craftsmen being allowed anymore causing state power to dominate more. Another change is the globalization of the capitalist economy: where before the poor workers where everywhere, now the transportation lines go around the world. Factories stand in central China where the poor exploited labor lives, well to do people live in western Europe. Almost like what was once one city with all classes, is now spread out accross an entire planet: out of sight, out of mind ? But what is the essential problem, is it trade ? Or is it dictatorial business relations inside a business. The exact same problem the peasantry has with the barons and other looters of society, who can rob from them legally because of their direct power, denying the peasantry their vote on these essential matters. Democracy is a good answer to power abuses, while trade without power abuses is a good answer to equitable and fair production and distribution of what has been produced: to all according to their /work/ (which favors those competent and willing to work.) -- http://www.socialism.nl