DEMOCRACY democracy: a form of government which allows for influence on the regime by the whole of the people dictatorship: 1. government by dictator 2. country, ruled by a dictator Democracy, forms State Forms +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | form of government where the | | | | will of the people is expressed | | | | through violent battle with | | dictatorship, | | security forces of the state, | | police state | | and other forms of physical | | | | resistance; if no such will is | | | | expressed, the state can evolve | | | | into becoming a monarchy | |------------------+------------------+----------------------------------| | | | form of dictatorial government | | | monarchy | where the job of being the | | | | dictator is handed from | | | | father/mother to son/daughter | |------------------+------------------+----------------------------------| | | | the power of the hereditary | | | | monarch is limited by laws which | | constitutional | | he/she may not change; this form | | monarchy | | of government has a form of | | | | representative democracy, | | | | expressing the limited power of | | | | the monarch | |------------------+------------------+----------------------------------| | | | form of government where the | | represented | | people vote for "politicians", | | democracy | | who lose their power after a | | | | predefined amount of time, | | | | after which the process repeats | |------------------+------------------+----------------------------------| | constitutional | | the power of the elected | | democracy | | politicians is limited by laws | | | | which they can not change easily | |------------------+------------------+----------------------------------| | | | the politicians-group with the | | | winner-takes-all | most votes, even if not a | | | | majority, forms the new | | | | government | |------------------+------------------+----------------------------------| | | | politicians-groups must | | | | cooperate with other | | | coalition | politicians-groups until the | | | government | combined group has a majority, | | | | the combined group forms the new | | | | government | |------------------+------------------+----------------------------------| | | | form of representative democracy | | | | without a monarchy element; | | Republic | | every member of government is | | | | elected by the people (directly | | | | or indirectly) | |------------------+------------------+----------------------------------| | | | form of government where the | | | | people decide and vote on issues | | Direct democracy | | "directly"; this form of | | | | government is often mixed with | | | | representative democracy | |------------------+------------------+----------------------------------| | Suffrage | | People who are allowed to vote | | | | for government | |------------------+------------------+----------------------------------| | | | Historically first only the most | | | Rich only | powerful/rich were allowed to | | | | vote | |------------------+------------------+----------------------------------| | | | Eventually under pressure from | | | Everyone | the less elitist more people | | | | were voting, until everyone | | | | except children voted | |------------------+------------------+----------------------------------| | | | System that only allows votes to | | | | people who do productive work, | | | | who elect a factory body which | | | | elects wider bodies until the | | | | state government is elected: | | | Workers only: | bottom-up democracy, based on | | | Soviets | employees, particularly large | | | | factories. Macro democratic | | | | organization as a function of | | | | micro democratic organizations, | | | | for the direct purpose of | | | | denying exploiters the power of | | | | state. | +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ People's will Expression +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | Physical violence between different | | | | sections of the people of some | | Civil war | | region, often fighting for | | | | power/influence over the same | | | | territory; often devastating | |---------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------| | | | Physical violence between the people | | | | against their (previous) government, | | Revolution | | this can result in a new government; | | | | often in reaction to devastating | | | | circumstances | |---------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------| | | | Refusal to work, denying government | | | | the proceeds of that work, putting | | | | pressure on those depending on it; | | Strike | | striking people may be helped by | | | | non-striking sympathizers or saved | | | | funds for this purpose, because | | | | striking often denies strikers their | | | | income | |---------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------| | | Solidarity | striking to make a strike by other | | | strike | people more powerful | |---------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------| | | | strike by all or most sectors of | | | General strike | productive activity; strike of | | | | workers as a class against the | | | | present leadership | |---------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------| | Boycot and | | Selecting trading partner for other | | Donations | | reasons then price/quality of | | | | directly received product | |---------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------| | | | Mass gathering to "demonstrate" | | Demonstration | | opinion to government and/or other | | | | people | |---------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------| | | | Circulating a written opinion and | | | | gathering written support statements | | | | from people on it, which are then | | Petitioning | | presented to a government which has | | | | been unwilling to address the issue | | | | in the direction of the written | | | | opinion | |---------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------| | | | System to measure opinion in a | | | | group: members of the group are | | | | typically asked to perform a small | | | | task that encodes their opinion, | | Voting | | these opinion-tokens are then | | | | counted, after which a predefined | | | | action is to occur depending on | | | | which opinion(s) gathered most | | | | support | |---------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------| | | | The members meet, and raise their | | | Hand raising | hand when they hear an opinion they | | | | agree with | |---------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------| | | | People are presented with a list of | | | | options, they can mark their opinion | | | | and deposit the paper in a box; the | | | | contents of the box is often counted | | | | in public view and/or by committees | | | paper ballot | selected to form a neutral group, to | | | | prevent fraud; voting is often | | | | monitored by special vote-monitors; | | | | sometimes secondary voting takes | | | | place, to get a second result which | | | | can be compared to the first | |---------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------| | | | People get a token for each opinion, | | | | and deposit the token encoding their | | | object-token | opinion in the vote-box and the rest | | | | in the not-vote box (very ancient | | | | system, hardly in use today; but not | | | | unlike voter verified voting) | |---------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------| | | | People press an area encoding their | | | | opinion on a sensitive electronic | | | | machine, the machines are (presumed | | | | to have been) build to count all | | | Electronic | votes together automatically; | | | voting | control of vote-counting is in the | | | | hands of a very small group | | | | creating/verifying the technology, | | | | and the crackers attacking the | | | | systems; supported by compuphobics | | | | politicians and naive voters | |---------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------| | | Electronic | Voting machine that prints a paper | | | voting with | ballot for the voter to verify and | | | "Paper Trail" | cast by hand, combines paper ballot | | | | and electronic voting techniques | |---------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------| | | | Voters tell one person their vote, | | | | this person comes forward with the | | | Tell one person | total; similar to Electronic voting | | | | but with the voting machine | | | | substituted by a human being | | | | (hypothetical system, not in use) | |---------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------| | | | system where each token representing | | | | opinion has been marked and/or is | | | Voter verified | being marked by the voter, all votes | | | voting | are later displayed allowing voters | | | | to "verify" their vote; tokens are | | | | randomly distributed to voters for | | | | anonymity | |---------------+-----------------+--------------------------------------| | | | Voters can form their vote | | | | creatively; voters may explain their | | | | vote in more detail; voters may | | | | define their own subsidiary voting | | | Free vote | process inside the comment space, | | | (loosely | also giving the power to ask | | | defined) | questions to voters | | | | | | | | (This combined with "voter verified | | | | voting", is the voting process of | | | | the sede computer program) | +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ CONTEXT Economic Systems +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | Swapping services/goods in an agreed quantity; | | | | when power is equal between the trading partners | | trade | | both swap a comparable amount of effort, when | | | | power is unequal the effort exchanged becomes | | | | unequal | |-------+------------+---------------------------------------------------| | | | A system of trade that allows the trading actors | | | | to be themselves traded; creates a separate | | | | influence on the trading actors besides consumer | | | capitalism | choice; stimulates high excess profits, | | | | businesses of a more dictatorial type able to | | | | keep wages low and profits high, resulting in | | | | higher investor profits; ideology: "be a winner, | | | | use the losers" | |-------+------------+---------------------------------------------------| | | | system aiming to supercede capitalism because of | | | | the low wages and high disparity; stimulates | | | | directly democratic businesses; brings finance | | | socialism | under direct government control; has historically | | | | viewed trade itself as part of capitalism, as it | | | | has no value when people have no excess money to | | | | play with; ideology: "workers of all lands, | | | | unite" | +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ Dictatorship, Capitalism, Socialism, Democracy In a dictatorship, a minority dishes out orders and the majority must